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कार्तिक मास की अमावस्या को छठ पर्व षष्ठी मनाने के कारण इसे छठ कहा जाता है।

दिवाली के छह दिन बाद कार्तिक शुक्ल को छठ पर्व षष्ठी का यह पर्व मनाया जाता है। यह चार दिवसीय उत्सव है और स्वच्छता का विशेष ध्यान रखा जाता है।

दिवाली के छह दिन बाद कार्तिक शुक्ल को छठ पर्व षष्ठी का यह पर्व मनाया जाता है। दिवाली के छह दिन बाद कार्तिक शुक्ल मनाया जाता है। यह चार दिवसीय उत्सव है और स्वच्छता का विशेष ध्यान रखा जाता है। इस त्योहार में गलती के लिए कोई जगह नहीं है। इस व्रत को करने के नियम इतने कठिन हैं, जिसके कारण इसे महापर्व और महाव्रत कहा जाता है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि छठ देवी सूर्य देव की बहन हैं और उन्हें प्रसन्न करने के लिए जीवन के महत्वपूर्ण घटकों में सूर्य और जल के महत्व पर विचार करते हुए, भगवान सूर्य की साक्षी के रूप में पूजा करते हैं और उन्हें धन्यवाद देते हैं, माँ गंगा-यमुना या किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को। इसकी पूजा किसी पवित्र नदी या तालाब (तालाब) के किनारे भी की जाती है।



षष्ठी मां यानी छठ माता बच्चों की रक्षा करने वाली देवी हैं। इस व्रत को करने से संतान को लंबी आयु का वरदान मिलता है। मार्कंडेय पुराण में वर्णित है कि ब्रह्मांड की अधिष्ठात्री देवी प्रकृति ने स्वयं को छह भागों में विभाजित किया है। उनके छठे भाग को देवी माँ के रूप में जाना जाता है, जो ब्रह्मा की मानस पुत्री हैं। वह बच्चों की रक्षा करने वाली देवी हैं। इस देवी की पूजा कार्तिक मास के शुक्ल पक्ष की षष्ठी तिथि को की जाती है। बच्चे के जन्म के छह दिन बाद इस देवी की पूजा की जाती है। उनकी प्रार्थना बच्चे को स्वास्थ्य, सफलता और लंबी उम्र का आशीर्वाद देती है। पुराणों में इस देवी का नाम कात्यायनी बताया गया है, जिनकी पूजा नवरात्रि की छठी तिथि को की जाती है।


कहानी-
छठ व्रत कथा के अनुसार प्रियव्रत नाम का एक राजा था। उनकी पत्नी का नाम मालिनी था। दोनों के कोई संतान नहीं थी। इस बात से राजा और उसकी पत्नी बहुत दुखी हुए। एक दिन उन्होंने संतान की इच्छा से महर्षि कश्यप से पुत्रेष्टि यज्ञ करवाया। इस यज्ञ के फलस्वरूप रानी गर्भवती हुई। नौ महीने बाद जब संतान सुख पाने का समय आया तो रानी को एक मृत पुत्र मिला। इस बात का पता चलने पर राजा को बहुत दुख हुआ। बच्चे के शोक में उसने आत्महत्या करने का मन बना लिया। लेकिन जैसे ही राजा ने आत्महत्या करने की कोशिश की, उसके सामने एक सुंदर देवी प्रकट हुई। देवी ने राजा से कहा कि मैं षष्ठी देवी हूं। मैं प्रजा को पुत्र का सौभाग्य देता हूं।

इसके अलावा जो सच्चे मन से मेरी पूजा करता है, मैं उसकी सभी मनोकामनाएं पूरी करता हूं। यदि तुम मेरी उपासना करोगे तो मैं तुम्हें एक पुत्र दूंगा। देवी के वचनों से प्रभावित होकर राजा ने उनकी आज्ञा का पालन किया। कार्तिक शुक्ल की षष्ठी तिथि को राजा और उनकी पत्नी ने पूरे विधि-विधान से देवी षष्ठी की पूजा की। इस पूजा के फलस्वरूप उन्हें एक सुन्दर पुत्र की प्राप्ति हुई। तभी से छठ का पावन पर्व मनाया जाने लगा। एक अन्य पौराणिक कथा के अनुसार, जब पांडवों ने अपना सारा शाही महल जुए में खो दिया, तब द्रौपदी ने छठ का व्रत रखा था। इस व्रत के प्रभाव से उनकी मनोकामनाएं पूरी हुईं और पांडवों को राजमहल वापस मिल गया।

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Churches in India: A 2,000-Year Story That Started Before Most of Europe Converted

Description: Discover the history of churches in India—from St. Thomas in 52 AD to colonial cathedrals to modern congregations. Explore how Christianity arrived, evolved, and diversified across India.


Let me tell you about the moment I realized Christianity in India is older than Christianity in most of Europe.

I was visiting a Syrian Christian church in Kerala. The guide casually mentioned, "This tradition dates to 52 AD when St. Thomas arrived." I did the mental math. That's twenty years after Jesus's death. Before Paul wrote most of his letters. Before the Gospels were written down. Before Peter reached Rome.

Christianity came to India during the lifetime of people who knew Jesus personally, and has existed continuously in Kerala for nearly two millennia—predating the conversion of England, Germany, France, and most of Europe by centuries.

The history of Christianity in India isn't a colonial import story, though colonialism drastically shaped it later. It's a complex 2,000-year narrative involving ancient trade routes, indigenous traditions, Portuguese Inquisitions, British missionaries, Syrian rites, Latin masses, and distinctly Indian expressions of faith that would be unrecognizable to many Western Christians.

Churches in India history includes ancient communities that maintained their traditions for centuries before Europeans arrived, colonial-era conversions (willing and coerced), architectural marvels built by Portuguese and British, and the development of uniquely Indian Christian identities that blend ancient liturgies with local cultures.

Indian Christian heritage is far more diverse than most people realize—Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant denominations, Pentecostal movements, Anglo-Indian congregations, tribal Christian communities, and Dalit liberation theology all coexisting in a predominantly Hindu nation where Christians comprise roughly 2.3% of the population.

So let me walk you through Christianity's arrival in India, how it evolved through different periods, the major churches and denominations that exist today, and what makes Indian Christianity distinct from Christianity elsewhere.

Because this story started two thousand years ago.

And it's still being written.

The Ancient Beginning: St. Thomas and the First Christians (52 AD)

Early Christianity in India:

The Legend (That Might Be History)

St. Thomas the Apostle: According to tradition, arrived on the Malabar Coast (Kerala) in 52 AD.

The story: Thomas, one of Jesus's twelve disciples (famous for doubting the resurrection), traveled to India following ancient trade routes connecting the Roman Empire to India's spice coast.

Where he went: Landed at Kodungallur (ancient Muziris), preached in Kerala, established seven churches, then traveled to Tamil Nadu (Mylapore, now Chennai).

His death: Martyred in 72 AD near Chennai. St. Thomas Mount and San Thome Basilica mark the sites associated with his ministry and death.

Historical Evidence

Trade routes existed: Roman-Indian trade was extensive in first century. Finding Roman coins and pottery in Kerala confirms this.

Early Christian presence: Historical records from third and fourth centuries reference Indian Christian communities.

Thomas Christians (Nasrani): Ancient community in Kerala that traces its origins to St. Thomas. Maintained distinct identity for centuries.

Syrian connection: Early Indian Christians followed East Syriac liturgy and maintained ties with Church of the East in Persia/Mesopotamia.

Skepticism exists: Some historians question whether Thomas specifically came to India, but evidence of very early Christian presence is solid.

The Seven Churches

Tradition claims Thomas founded seven churches (Ezharappallikal) in Kerala:

  • Kodungallur (Cranganore)
  • Kollam (Quilon)
  • Niranam
  • Nilackal
  • Kokkamangalam
  • Kottakkayal
  • Palayoor

These communities: Maintained their faith for centuries with minimal outside contact, developing unique traditions.

The Middle Period: Syrian Christians and Indigenous Development (300-1500 AD)

Pre-colonial Christianity in India:

Syrian Christian Community

Cultural integration: Christians adopted Indian social structures (caste, dress, customs) while maintaining Christian faith.

High status: Many were high-caste Hindu converts or Jewish traders who became Christian. Maintained social prestige.

Trade networks: Connected to Persian and Middle Eastern Christian communities through maritime trade.

Language: Syriac liturgy, Malayalam vernacular. Scriptures and prayers in Syriac.

Bishops from Persia: Church of the East sent bishops to oversee Indian Christians, maintaining connection to broader Christian world.

The Thomas of Cana Migration (345 AD)

Traditional account: Thomas of Cana (Knai Thoma), a Syrian merchant-bishop, arrived with 72 Christian families from Mesopotamia.

Impact: Strengthened Syrian Christian community, brought clergy and Christian texts.

Northist and Southist division: Created social division in community (Northists - newer arrivals, Southists - older community).

Relative Isolation

Limited European contact: Until Portuguese arrival in 1498, Indian Christians had minimal contact with Western Christianity.

Developed unique practices: Blend of Syriac liturgy, Indian cultural practices, and local traditions.

No Inquisition or persecution: Hindu rulers generally tolerant. Christians existed peacefully as one of many communities.

Distinct identity: By the time Portuguese arrived, these Christians had been Christian longer than most European nations.

The Portuguese Period: Conflict and Conversion (1498-1663)

Colonial Christianity begins:

Vasco da Gama's Arrival (1498)

Portuguese land in Calicut: Seeking spices and Christians (to ally against Muslims).

Encounter Syrian Christians: Shocked to find ancient Christian community that doesn't recognize Pope or follow Roman rites.

Initial cooperation: Portuguese and Syrian Christians initially allied.

The Goa Inquisition (1560-1812)

Portuguese impose authority: Demanded Syrian Christians submit to Rome and adopt Latin rites.

Synod of Diamper (1599): Infamous council where Portuguese forced Syrian Christians to:

  • Accept Papal authority
  • Abandon East Syriac liturgy for Latin
  • Burn Syriac texts deemed "heretical"
  • Accept Portuguese bishops

Resistance: Many Syrian Christians resisted. Led to schisms and divisions lasting centuries.

Coonan Cross Oath (1653): Thousands of Syrian Christians swore never to submit to Portuguese again, splitting community.

Result: Division between Catholic Syrian Christians (accepted Roman authority) and Independent Syrian Christians (rejected it).

Portuguese Church Building

Goa: Center of Portuguese Christianity. Old Goa filled with baroque churches.

Basilica of Bom Jesus: Houses St. Francis Xavier's body. UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Se Cathedral: One of Asia's largest churches.

Architecture: Baroque, Gothic, Portuguese styles. Ornate, grand, European-influenced.

Conversion efforts: Some voluntary, some coerced. Goa Inquisition persecuted Hindus, Muslims, and non-Catholic Christians.

Looking at the Art and Culture of the Kshatriya Religion

The threads of art and culture are twisted very complex in the fabric of human civilization. In Kshatriya religion, artistic expressions and cultural practices are like a Rainbow reflecting mystical key and historical legacy of this ancient tradition. Music beats and dance movements, verses written by poets and paintings made with able brushstrokes form an impressive synthesis between creativity and spirituality in the Kshatriya community. This article takes a journey into various aspects of art including music, dance, literature as well as visual arts that emanate from the religion of Kshatriya to unearth its cultural variety.

Music:Music which is a bridge linking the worldly life and the spiritual world holds the sacred place in Kshatriya tradition. With its roots in ancient Vedic chants and songs, Kshatriya music has a lot of various styles and genres all with spiritual undertones. One of the most well-liked forms of Kshatriya music is mantric devotional singing that consists of syllables with spiritual meaning. These melodies usually along with by musical tools such as harmonium and tabla create incredible exceeding mood, allowing devotees to delve into divine thinking.

Classical Dhrupad represents another significant part of Kshatriyan music, characterized by deep meditative sounds as well as intricate constant patterns. It was sung even in ancient times as it was considered to have been used by warriors before going for war for utilizing bravery within them. Dhrupad is still alive today, thanks to generations after generations of Guru’s who are committed towards its practice and conservation.