Jainism, one of the oldest religions originating from India, has a rich and detailed cosmology that outlines the structure and functioning of the universe. Jain cosmology is intricate, filled with metaphysical insights, and emphasizes the infinite nature of the universe. This cosmology is deeply intertwined with Jain philosophy and ethics, reflecting the religion’s core principles of non-violence (ahimsa), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and many-sided reality (anekantavada).
An Outline on Jain Cosmology:Jain cosmology describes the universe as eternal and uncreated, meaning it has always existed and will continue to exist forever. It is not the result of any divine creation or destruction but functions according to its inherent laws. This universe is divided into three main parts:
- Urdhva Loka (Upper World): The abode of celestial beings or god persons.
- Madhya Loka (Middle World): The world where human beings as well as plants abound
- Adho Loka (Lower World): The place for infernal beings or hellish creatures.
These worlds are part of a larger structure known as Lokakash that serves as cosmic space where all living beings (jivas) reside. Beyond this lies Alokakash which is a boundless space without any living being.