गुरु हरकिशन जी सिखों के आठवें और सबसे कम उम्र के गुरु थे, जिन्हें 'बाला पीर' के नाम से जाना जाता है।

सिर्फ पांच साल की उम्र में, गुरु हरकिशन सिंह जी को उनके पिता गुरु हरि राय जी (सिखों के सातवें गुरु) की मृत्यु के बाद सिंहासन पर बैठाया गया था। उन्हें बाला पीर के नाम से भी जाना जाता था।

सिखों के आठवें गुरु हरकिशन सिंह का जन्म 17 जुलाई 1656 को कीरतपुर साहिब में हुआ था। उनके पिता सिख धर्म के सातवें गुरु थे, गुरु हरि राय जी और उनकी माता का नाम किशन कौर था। गुरु हरकिशन जी बचपन से ही बहुत गंभीर और सहनशील थे। वे ५ वर्ष की आयु में भी साधना में लीन रहते थे। उनके पिता अक्सर हर किशन जी के बड़े भाई राम राय और उनकी कठिन परीक्षा देते थे। जब हर किशन जी गुरबानी का पाठ कर रहे होते थे तो सुई चुभोते थे, लेकिन बाल हर किशन जी की गुरबानी में रह जाते थे। गुरु हरकिशन को हर तरह से योग्य मानकर उनके पिता गुरु हरि राय ने 1661 में उन्हें गद्दी सौंप दी थी। उस समय वह केवल 5 वर्ष के थे। इसलिए उन्हें बाल गुरु भी कहा जाता है। गुरु हरकिशन जी ने बहुत ही कम समय में जनता से मित्रता करके लोकप्रियता हासिल कर ली थी। उन्होंने उच्च और निम्न जाति के भेदभाव को मिटाकर सेवा का अभियान शुरू किया, लोग उनकी मानवता की इस सेवा से बहुत प्रभावित हुए और उन्हें बाला पीर के नाम से पुकारने लगे। गुरु हरकिशन के पिता, गुरु हरि राय के दो पुत्र थे- राम राय और हरकिशन। लेकिन राम राय को पहले ही गुरु जी ने सिख धर्म की सीमाओं का उल्लंघन करने के लिए बेदखल कर दिया था। इसलिए, अपनी मृत्यु से कुछ क्षण पहले, गुरु हरिराय ने सिख धर्म की बागडोर अपने छोटे बेटे को सौंप दी, जो उस समय केवल 5 वर्ष का था।



हरकिशन अब सिखों के 8वें गुरु बन गए थे। उनके चेहरे पर एक मासूमियत थी, लेकिन कहा जाता है कि इतनी कम उम्र में भी वे बुद्धिमान और ज्ञानी थे। पिता के जाते ही उन्होंने किसी प्रकार का शोक नहीं किया, बल्कि संगत को संदेश दिया कि गुरु जी भगवान की गोद में चले गए हैं, इसलिए कोई भी उनके जाने का शोक नहीं मनाएगा, गुरु हरि राय के जाने के तुरंत बाद, बैसाखी का पर्व भी आया। जिसे गुरु हरकिशन ने बड़ी धूमधाम से मनाया। उस वर्ष यह उत्सव तीन दिवसीय विशाल उत्सव के रूप में मनाया गया।

जब औरंगजेब ने गुरु हरकिशन सिंह जी को दिल्ली बुलाया
ऐसा माना जाता है कि उनके बड़े भाई राम राय ने तत्कालीन मुगल सम्राट औरंगजेब से शिकायत की थी कि वह सबसे बड़े थे और सिंहासन पर उनका अधिकार था। जिसके चलते औरंग जेब ने उन्हें दिल्ली बुलाया था। लेकिन एक किवदंती यह भी प्रचलित है कि जब मुगल बादशाह औरंगजेब को सिखों के नए गुरु की गद्दी पर बैठने और कम समय में इतनी प्रसिद्धि मिलने की खबर मिली तो उन्हें जलन हुई और उनके मन में सबसे कम उम्र के सिख बन गए। गुरु से मिलने की इच्छा थी। वह देखना चाहता था कि इस गुरु में क्या बात है, जो लोग उसके दीवाने हो रहे हैं।


हरकिशन जी की याद में है दिल्ली का मशहूर गुरुद्वारा बंगला साहिब
गुरुद्वारा बंगला साहिब वास्तव में एक बंगला है, जो 7वीं शताब्दी के भारतीय शासक राजा जय सिंह का था। कहा जाता है कि जब औरंगजेब ने उन्हें दिल्ली बुलाया तो यहीं रुके थे। यह भी कहा जाता है कि जब गुरु हरकिशन सिंह जी दिल्ली पहुंचे तो दिल्ली चेचक की महामारी से घिरी हुई थी और गुरु जी ने इस बंगले में लोगों का इलाज बंगले के अंदर स्थित झील के पवित्र जल से किया। तभी से उनकी याद में इस बंगले को बदलकर गुरुद्वारा बंगला साहिब कर दिया गया।

8 साल की उम्र में उनका अकाल पुरख में विलय हो गया।
सिखों में सबसे छोटे गुरु हरकिशन सिंह का 30 मार्च 1964 को अमृतसर में केवल 8 वर्ष की आयु में चेचक के कारण निधन हो गया। उसने अपने अंतिम समय में अपनी माँ को अपने पास बुलाया और कहा कि उसका अंत निकट है। जब लोगों ने पूछा कि अब गद्दी पर कौन बैठेगा, तो उन्होंने बस अपने उत्तराधिकारी के लिए 'बाबा-बकला' का नाम लिया, जिसका अर्थ था कि उनका उत्तराधिकारी बकाला गांव में मिलना चाहिए। उनके उत्तराधिकारी गुरु तेज बहादुर सिंह जी थे और उनका जन्म बकाला में हुआ था।

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