Hinduism is one of the oldest and most diverse religious traditions in the world. Over the years, it has been deeply connected with social systems and cultural norms which have greatly impacted people’s lives for centuries. This paper will discuss two major social concerns that exist within Hindu society – caste system and women’s status. We will look at their historical background, development over time as well as current challenges faced by them; besides we are going to touch upon attempts made towards changing these aspects taking into consideration insights from Hindu religious texts, historical records and contemporary discourses.
Caste System in Hindu Society: Historical Views and Modern ChallengesThe “varna vyavastha” or caste system is a hierarchical division of people into different groups based on their birth, occupation and social status . There are four main categories under this traditional varna system:
- Brahmins (Priests): They belong to highest varna who perform priestly duties such as conducting rituals, studying scriptures etc.
- Kshatriyas (Warriors): This class includes warriors responsible for protecting society against external aggression and ruling kingdoms internally.
- Vaishyas (Merchants): Members of business community engaged mainly in wealth creation through trade activities like agriculture among others.
- Shudras (Servants): Labourers performing manual tasks considered inferior by other higher castes; they serve those above them.